What is the function of the pericardium?

The pericardium serves a vital role in the protection and structural support of the heart. This double-walled sac encases the heart, helping to anchor it within the thoracic cavity while also allowing for movement during the heart's beating cycles. The pericardium contains a small amount of lubricating fluid that reduces friction between the heart and the surrounding tissues as the heart expands and contracts with each beat. This protective barrier also shields the heart from infections and inflammation that could originate from surrounding structures.

In contrast to the other options, the heart's pumping action is carried out by the myocardial layer (the heart muscle) rather than the pericardium itself. While some components of the heart are involved in the conduction of electrical impulses, such as the sinoatrial node, the pericardium does not control this function. Lastly, the pericardium does not regulate blood pressure; this function is primarily the responsibility of the heart and vascular system responding to signals from various body systems.