What does the bottom number of blood pressure represent?

The bottom number of blood pressure represents the diastolic phase, which is the point when the heart relaxes between beats. During this phase, the heart fills with blood and the pressure in the arteries drops. It is a crucial measurement as it indicates the lowest pressure in the arteries, which is essential for understanding cardiovascular health. A normal diastolic pressure is a key component in diagnosing various health conditions, including hypertension, as it reflects the resistance the heart must overcome to fill its chambers with blood.

In a blood pressure reading, the systolic phase, represented by the top number, occurs when the heart contracts, pumping blood out into the arteries. The pulse rate, which refers to the number of heartbeats per minute, is not directly related to the blood pressure reading itself but to the overall heart activity. Lastly, the heart's output refers to the volume of blood the heart pumps in a given time, influencing blood pressure but not represented specifically by either number in a blood pressure reading. Understanding the significance of the diastolic phase provides vital information about heart health and cardiovascular system efficiency.